Search Results
Overview
| Uniprot ID | O95782 |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 |
| Gene Name | AP2A1 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
Kla Sites from experimental identification
| Position | Flanking peptide |
|---|---|
| 177 | LCLLRLYKASPDLVP |
| 48 | RSKFKGDKALDGYSK |
| 6 | **MPAVSKGDGMRGL |
| 620 | LAKLKRKKGPGAGSA |
| 810 | TQLAVQTKRVAAQVD |
| 962 | RLTLRTSKEPVSRHL |
Function
Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. During long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons, AP-2 is responsible for the endocytosis of ADAM10 (PubMed:23676497). The AP-2 alpha subunit binds polyphosphoinositide-containing lipids, positioning AP-2 on the membrane. The AP-2 alpha subunit acts via its C-terminal appendage domain as a scaffolding platform for endocytic accessory proteins. The AP-2 alpha and AP-2 sigma subunits are thought to contribute to the recognition of the [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] motif (By similarity)
Protein Sequence
Gene Ontology
| Classification | GO ID | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Function | GO:0019901 | protein kinase binding |
| Cellular Component | GO:0030122 | AP-2 adaptor complex |
| Cellular Component | GO:0016324 | apical plasma membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0016323 | basolateral plasma membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0030130 | clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle |
| Cellular Component | GO:0045334 | clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle |
| Cellular Component | GO:0030669 | clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0009898 | cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| Cellular Component | GO:0030666 | endocytic vesicle membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0036020 | endolysosome membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0032433 | filopodium tip |
| Cellular Component | GO:0098978 | glutamatergic synapse |
| Cellular Component | GO:0016020 | membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| Cellular Component | GO:0098843 | postsynaptic endocytic zone |
| Cellular Component | GO:0008021 | synaptic vesicle |
| Molecular Function | GO:0035615 | clathrin adaptor activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0050750 | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0044877 | protein-containing complex binding |
| Biological Process | GO:0072583 | clathrin-dependent endocytosis |
| Biological Process | GO:0006897 | endocytosis |
| Biological Process | GO:0006895 | Golgi to endosome transport |
| Biological Process | GO:0006886 | intracellular protein transport |
| Biological Process | GO:1900126 | negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0010976 | positive regulation of neuron projection development |
| Biological Process | GO:0048260 | positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| Biological Process | GO:0098884 | postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization |
| Biological Process | GO:0048488 | synaptic vesicle endocytosis |
| Biological Process | GO:0016192 | vesicle-mediated transport |
Reference
[1] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.
[2] Hong H, Chen X, Wang H, Gu X, Yuan Y et al.. Global profiling of protein lysine lactylation and potential target modified protein analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Proteomics 23(9):e2200432. 2023 May. PMID: 36625413.
[3] Shi CM, Wang QC, Li XL, Yang YH, Tang XY et al.. Global Profiling of Protein Lactylation in Human Hippocampi.. Proteomics Clin Appl 19(2):e202400061. 2025 Mar. PMID: 39610256.
[4] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.
[5] Yan M, Tu H, Tang S, Gai Z, Shi Q et al.. Lactylated Proteomic Analysis Reveals Functional Implications of Lysine Lactylation In Asthenozoospermia.. Mol Cell Proteomics 24(12):101439. 2025 Dec. PMID: 41192556.
[6] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.