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Overview

Uniprot ID	P18583
Protein Name	Protein SON
Gene Name	SON
Organism	Homo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position	Flanking peptide
106	PTDEIPTKKSKKHKK
130	KEKEKKYKRQPEESE
141	EESESKTKSHDDGNI
2096	IEEKVAKKSGGATIE
2166	AAKPTPPKSQVTLTK
277	YQMKSVLKSVESTSP

Function

RNA-binding protein that acts as a mRNA splicing cofactor by promoting efficient splicing of transcripts that possess weak splice sites. Specifically promotes splicing of many cell-cycle and DNA-repair transcripts that possess weak splice sites, such as TUBG1, KATNB1, TUBGCP2, AURKB, PCNT, AKT1, RAD23A, and FANCG. Probably acts by facilitating the interaction between Serine/arginine-rich proteins such as SRSF2 and the RNA polymerase II. Also binds to DNA; binds to the consensus DNA sequence: 5'-GA[GT]AN[CG][AG]CC-3'. May indirectly repress hepatitis B virus (HBV) core promoter activity and transcription of HBV genes and production of HBV virions. Essential for correct RNA splicing of multiple genes critical for brain development, neuronal migration and metabolism, including TUBG1, FLNA, PNKP, WDR62, PSMD3, PCK2, PFKL, IDH2, and ACY1 (PubMed:27545680)

Protein Sequence

10 MATNIEQIFR 20 SFVVSKFREI 30 QQELSSGRNE 40 GQLNGETNTP 50 IEGNQAGDAA 60 ASARSLPNEE 70 IVQKIEEVLS 80 GVLDTELRYK 90 PDLKEGSRKS 100 RCVSVQTDPT 110 DEIPTKKSKK 120 HKKHKNKKKK 130 KKKEKEKKYK 140 RQPEESESKT 150 KSHDDGNIDL 160 ESDSFLKFDS 170 EPSAVALELP 180 TRAFGPSETN 190 ESPAVVLEPP 200 VVSMEVSEPH 210 ILETLKPATK 220 TAELSVVSTS 230 VISEQSEQSV 240 AVMPEPSMTK 250 ILDSFAAAPV 260 PTTTLVLKSS 270 EPVVTMSVEY 280 QMKSVLKSVE 290 STSPEPSKIM 300 LVEPPVAKVL 310 EPSETLVVSS 320 ETPTEVYPEP 330 STSTTMDFPE 340 SSAIEALRLP 350 EQPVDVPSEI 360 ADSSMTRPQE 370 LPELPKTTAL 380 ELQESSVASA 390 MELPGPPATS 400 MPELQGPPVT 410 PVLELPGPSA 420 TPVPELPGPL 430 STPVPELPGP 440 PATAVPELPG 450 PSVTPVPQLS 460 QELPGLPAPS 470 MGLEPPQEVP 480 EPPVMAQELP 490 GLPLVTAAVE 500 LPEQPAVTVA 510 MELTEQPVTT 520 TELEQPVGMT 530 TVEHPGHPEV 540 TTATGLLGQP 550 EATMVLELPG 560 QPVATTALEL 570 PGQPSVTGVP 580 ELPGLPSATR 590 ALELSGQPVA 600 TGALELPGPL 610 MAAGALEFSG 620 QSGAAGALEL 630 LGQPLATGVL 640 ELPGQPGAPE 650 LPGQPVATVA 660 LEISVQSVVT 670 TSELSTMTVS 680 QSLEVPSTTA 690 LESYNTVAQE 700 LPTTLVGETS 710 VTVGVDPLMA 720 PESHILASNT 730 METHILASNT 740 MDSQMLASNT 750 MDSQMLASNT 760 MDSQMLASST 770 MDSQMLATSS 780 MDSQMLATSS 790 MDSQMLATST 800 MDSQMLATSS 810 MDSQMLATSS 820 MDSQMLATSS 830 MDSQMLATSS 840 MDSQMLATST 850 MDSQMLATST 860 MDSQMLATSS 870 MDSQMLASGT 880 MDSQMLASGT 890 MDAQMLASGT 900 MDAQMLASST 910 QDSAMLGSKS 920 PDPYRLAQDP 930 YRLAQDPYRL 940 GHDPYRLGHD 950 AYRLGQDPYR 960 LGHDPYRLTP 970 DPYRMSPRPY 980 RIAPRSYRIA 990 PRPYRLAPRP 1000 LMLASRRSMM 1010 MSYAAERSMM 1020 SSYERSMMSY 1030 ERSMMSPMAE 1040 RSMMSAYERS 1050 MMSAYERSMM 1060 SPMAERSMMS 1070 AYERSMMSAY 1080 ERSMMSPMAD 1090 RSMMSMGADR 1100 SMMSSYSAAD 1110 RSMMSSYSAA 1120 DRSMMSSYTA 1130 DRSMMSMAAD 1140 SYTDSYTDTY 1150 TEAYMVPPLP 1160 PEEPPTMPPL 1170 PPEEPPMTPP 1180 LPPEEPPEGP 1190 ALPTEQSALT 1200 AENTWPTEVP 1210 SSPSEESVSQ 1220 PEPPVSQSEI 1230 SEPSAVPTDY 1240 SVSASDPSVL 1250 VSEAAVTVPE 1260 PPPEPESSIT 1270 LTPVESAVVA 1280 EEHEVVPERP 1290 VTCMVSETPA 1300 MSAEPTVLAS 1310 EPPVMSETAE 1320 TFDSMRASGH 1330 VASEVSTSLL 1340 VPAVTTPVLA 1350 ESILEPPAMA 1360 APESSAMAVL 1370 ESSAVTVLES 1380 STVTVLESST 1390 VTVLEPSVVT 1400 VPEPPVVAEP 1410 DYVTIPVPVV 1420 SALEPSVPVL 1430 EPAVSVLQPS 1440 MIVSEPSVSV 1450 QESTVTVSEP 1460 AVTVSEQTQV 1470 IPTEVAIEST 1480 PMILESSIMS 1490 SHVMKGINLS 1500 SGDQNLAPEI 1510 GMQEIALHSG 1520 EEPHAEEHLK 1530 GDFYESEHGI 1540 NIDLNINNHL 1550 IAKEMEHNTV 1560 CAAGTSPVGE 1570 IGEEKILPTS 1580 ETKQRTVLDT 1590 YPGVSEADAG 1600 ETLSSTGPFA 1610 LEPDATGTSK 1620 GIEFTTASTL 1630 SLVNKYDVDL 1640 SLTTQDTEHD 1650 MVISTSPSGG 1660 SEADIEGPLP 1670 AKDIHLDLPS 1680 NNNLVSKDTE 1690 EPLPVKESDQ 1700 TLAALLSPKE 1710 SSGGEKEVPP 1720 PPKETLPDSG 1730 FSANIEDINE 1740 ADLVRPLLPK 1750 DMERLTSLRA 1760 GIEGPLLASD 1770 VGRDRSAASP 1780 VVSSMPERAS 1790 ESSSEEKDDY 1800 EIFVKVKDTH 1810 EKSKKNKNRD 1820 KGEKEKKRDS 1830 SLRSRSKRSK 1840 SSEHKSRKRT 1850 SESRSRARKR 1860 SSKSKSHRSQ 1870 TRSRSRSRRR 1880 RRSSRSRSKS 1890 RGRRSVSKEK 1900 RKRSPKHRSK 1910 SRERKRKRSS 1920 SRDNRKTVRA 1930 RSRTPSRRSR 1940 SHTPSRRRRS 1950 RSVGRRRSFS 1960 ISPSRRSRTP 1970 SRRSRTPSRR 1980 SRTPSRRSRT 1990 PSRRSRTPSR 2000 RSRTPSRRRR 2010 SRSVVRRRSF 2020 SISPVRLRRS 2030 RTPLRRRFSR 2040 SPIRRKRSRS 2050 SERGRSPKRL 2060 TDLDKAQLLE 2070 IAKANAAAMC 2080 AKAGVPLPPN 2090 LKPAPPPTIE 2100 EKVAKKSGGA 2110 TIEELTEKCK 2120 QIAQSKEDDD 2130 VIVNKPHVSD 2140 EEEEEPPFYH 2150 HPFKLSEPKP 2160 IFFNLNIAAA 2170 KPTPPKSQVT 2180 LTKEFPVSSG 2190 SQHRKKEADS 2200 VYGEWVPVEK 2210 NGEENKDDDN 2220 VFSSNLPSEP 2230 VDISTAMSER 2240 ALAQKRLSEN 2250 AFDLEAMSML 2260 NRAQERIDAW 2270 AQLNSIPGQF 2280 TGSTGVQVLT 2290 QEQLANTGAQ 2300 AWIKKDQFLR 2310 AAPVTGGMGA 2320 VLMRKMGWRE 2330 GEGLGKNKEG 2340 NKEPILVDFK 2350 TDRKGLVAVG 2360 ERAQKRSGNF 2370 SAAMKDLSGK 2380 HPVSALMEIC 2390 NKRRWQPPEF 2400 LLVHDSGPDH 2410 RKHFLFRVLR 2420 NGALTRPNCM FFLNRY

Gene Ontology

Classification	GO ID	Description
Cellular Component	GO:0016607	nuclear speck
Molecular Function	GO:0003677	DNA binding
Molecular Function	GO:0003723	RNA binding
Biological Process	GO:0000226	microtubule cytoskeleton organization
Biological Process	GO:0000281	mitotic cytokinesis
Biological Process	GO:0006397	mRNA processing
Biological Process	GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process
Biological Process	GO:0051726	regulation of cell cycle
Biological Process	GO:0048024	regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Biological Process	GO:0043484	regulation of RNA splicing
Biological Process	GO:0008380	RNA splicing

Reference

[1] Yang D, Yin J, Shan L, Yi X, Zhang W et al.. Identification of lysine-lactylated substrates in gastric cancer cells.. iScience 25(7):104630. 2022 Jul 15. PMID: 35800753.

[2] He C, Zhang J, Bai X, Lu C, Zhang K. Lysine lactylation-based insight to understanding the characterization of cervical cancer.. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870(7):167356. 2024 Oct. PMID: 39025375.

[3] Bao Q, Wan N, He Z, Cao J, Yuan W et al.. Subcellular Proteomic Mapping of Lysine Lactylation.. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 35(12):3221-3232. 2024 Dec 4. PMID: 39569522.

[4] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.

[5] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.