Overview
| Uniprot ID | P28330 |
|---|
| Protein Name | Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial |
|---|
| Gene Name | ACADL |
|---|
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
|---|
Kla Sites from experimental identification
| Position |
Flanking peptide |
| 322 |
KQRKAFGKTVAHLQT |
| 333 |
HLQTVQHKLAELKTH |
| 358 |
CLQLHEAKRLDSATA |
Function
Catalyzes the first of the four reactions of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) pathway, which consists in the proR-proR stereospecific alpha, beta-dehydrogenation of fatty acyl-CoA thioesters using the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as their physiologic electron acceptor, resulting in the formation of trans-2-enoyl-CoA ((2E)-enoyl-CoA) (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:21237683, PubMed:24591516, PubMed:32389575). The mitochondrial FAO pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through cycles of four consecutive reactions (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:26474213). Each FAO cycle shortens the fatty acyl-CoA by two carbons, yielding one acetyl-CoA (for the citric acid cycle), one FADH(2), and one NADH (which donate electrons to the respiratory chain for ATP production) (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:26474213). Among the different mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity overlaps with that of ACADV and ACAD9, acting on saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoAs with 6 to 24 carbons with a preference for 8 to 18 carbons long primary chains (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:21237683, PubMed:32389575, PubMed:8823175). Can use (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate as substrate in vitro (which is not primarily used for energy but mainly beta-oxidized in the peroxisomes) (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:26474213). In addition, based on its established catalytic mechanism, and combined genetic interaction or mutant phenotype evidence, it is predicted to act also on substrates that have not been tested experimentally but are metabolized by mitochondrial FAO, including long-chain unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleate (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate), linolenate (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoate), and others (PubMed:26474213). Plays a primary role in FAO in tissues where it is the main long-chain ACAD expressed, such as the lung, specifically in type 2 alveolar cells (responsible for surfactant production) (PubMed:17564966, PubMed:24591516). Probably responsible for beta-oxidation of bulky substrates including branched chain fatty acyl-CoAs and sterol derivatives thanks to its enlarged substrate-binding cavity (PubMed:38839792)
Protein Sequence
10
MAARLLRGSL
20
RVLGGHRAPR
30
QLPAARCSHS
40
GGEERLETPS
50
AKKLTDIGIR
60
RIFSPEHDIF
70
RKSVRKFFQE
80
EVIPHHSEWE
90
KAGEVSREVW
100
EKAGKQGLLG
110
VNIAEHLGGI
120
GGDLYSAAIV
130
WEEQAYSNCS
140
GPGFSIHSGI
150
VMSYITNHGS
160
EEQIKHFIPQ
170
MTAGKCIGAI
180
AMTEPGAGSD
190
LQGIKTNAKK
200
DGSDWILNGS
210
KVFISNGSLS
220
DVVIVVAVTN
230
HEAPSPAHGI
240
SLFLVENGMK
250
GFIKGRKLHK
260
MGLKAQDTAE
270
LFFEDIRLPA
280
SALLGEENKG
290
FYYIMKELPQ
300
ERLLIADVAI
310
SASEFMFEET
320
RNYVKQRKAF
330
GKTVAHLQTV
340
QHKLAELKTH
350
ICVTRAFVDN
360
CLQLHEAKRL
370
DSATACMAKY
380
WASELQNSVA
390
YDCVQLHGGW
400
GYMWEYPIAK
410
AYVDARVQPI
420
YGGTNEIMKE
430
LIAREIVFDK
Gene Ontology
| Classification |
GO ID |
Description |
| Cellular Component |
GO:0005737 |
cytoplasm |
| Cellular Component |
GO:0005759 |
mitochondrial matrix |
| Cellular Component |
GO:0031966 |
mitochondrial membrane |
| Cellular Component |
GO:0005739 |
mitochondrion |
| Molecular Function |
GO:0050660 |
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding |
| Molecular Function |
GO:0004466 |
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity |
| Molecular Function |
GO:0070991 |
medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity |
| Molecular Function |
GO:0042803 |
protein homodimerization activity |
| Biological Process |
GO:0042413 |
carnitine catabolic process |
| Biological Process |
GO:0019254 |
carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked |
| Biological Process |
GO:0033539 |
fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
| Biological Process |
GO:0016042 |
lipid catabolic process |
| Biological Process |
GO:0042758 |
long-chain fatty acid catabolic process |
| Biological Process |
GO:0045717 |
negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process |
| Biological Process |
GO:0046322 |
negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation |
| Biological Process |
GO:0120162 |
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis |
| Biological Process |
GO:0090181 |
regulation of cholesterol metabolic process |
| Biological Process |
GO:0001659 |
temperature homeostasis |
Reference
[1] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.