Search Results

Overview

Uniprot IDP40926
Protein NameMalate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Gene NameMDH2
OrganismHomo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position Flanking peptide
157 ITAEVFKKHGVYNPN
185 NTFVAELKGLDPARV
203 VIGGHAGKTIIPLIS
215 LISQCTPKVDFPQDQ
239 EAGTEVVKAKAGAGS
241 GTEVVKAKAGAGSAT
296 STPLLLGKKGIEKNL
301 LGKKGIEKNLGIGKV
307 EKNLGIGKVSSFEEK
314 KVSSFEEKMISDAIP
324 SDAIPELKASIKKGE
329 ELKASIKKGEDFVKT
335 KKGEDFVKTLK****
45 QPLSLLLKNSPLVSR
74 DLSHIETKAAVKGYL
78 IETKAAVKGYLGPEQ
91 EQLPDCLKGCDVVVI

Function

Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using NAD(+) as a cofactor (PubMed:27989324). Plays a central role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle contributing to cellular respiration and energy production via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (PubMed:35366151). Also participates in the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle, facilitating transfer of reducing equivalents between cytosol and mitochondria to maintain redox balance (NAD(+)/NADH homeostasis) and support metabolic flux between compartments (By similarity). In addition to its metabolic role, binds to RNA in cells, associating with cytosolic RNAs including tRNAs and mRNAs (PubMed:38609156)

Protein Sequence

10 MLSALARPAS 20 AALRRSFSTS 30 AQNNAKVAVL 40 GASGGIGQPL 50 SLLLKNSPLV 60 SRLTLYDIAH 70 TPGVAADLSH 80 IETKAAVKGY 90 LGPEQLPDCL 100 KGCDVVVIPA 110 GVPRKPGMTR 120 DDLFNTNATI 130 VATLTAACAQ 140 HCPEAMICVI 150 ANPVNSTIPI 160 TAEVFKKHGV 170 YNPNKIFGVT 180 TLDIVRANTF 190 VAELKGLDPA 200 RVNVPVIGGH 210 AGKTIIPLIS 220 QCTPKVDFPQ 230 DQLTALTGRI 240 QEAGTEVVKA 250 KAGAGSATLS 260 MAYAGARFVF 270 SLVDAMNGKE 280 GVVECSFVKS 290 QETECTYFST 300 PLLLGKKGIE 310 KNLGIGKVSS 320 FEEKMISDAI 330 PELKASIKKG EDFVKTLK

Gene Ontology

Classification GO ID Description
Cellular Component GO:0005737 cytoplasm
Cellular Component GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
Cellular Component GO:0016020 membrane
Cellular Component GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix
Cellular Component GO:0005739 mitochondrion
Cellular Component GO:0005634 nucleus
Molecular Function GO:0042802 identical protein binding
Molecular Function GO:0030060 L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Molecular Function GO:0046554 L-malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Molecular Function GO:0003723 RNA binding
Biological Process GO:0009060 aerobic respiration
Biological Process GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis
Biological Process GO:0006108 malate metabolic process
Biological Process GO:0043490 malate-aspartate shuttle
Biological Process GO:0006099 tricarboxylic acid cycle

Reference

[1] Yang D, Yin J, Shan L, Yi X, Zhang W et al.. Identification of lysine-lactylated substrates in gastric cancer cells.. iScience 25(7):104630. 2022 Jul 15. PMID: 35800753.

[2] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.

[3] Hong H, Chen X, Wang H, Gu X, Yuan Y et al.. Global profiling of protein lysine lactylation and potential target modified protein analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Proteomics 23(9):e2200432. 2023 May. PMID: 36625413.

[4] Lin Y, Chen M, Wang D, Yu Y, Chen R et al.. Multi-Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Protein Lactylation on Matrix and Cholesterol Metabolism in Tendinopathy.. J Proteome Res 22(6):1712-1722. 2023 Jun 2. PMID: 37159428.

[5] Yang YH, Wang QC, Kong J, Yang JT, Liu JF. Global profiling of lysine lactylation in human lungs.. Proteomics 23(15):e2200437. 2023 Aug. PMID: 37170646.

[6] Shi CM, Wang QC, Li XL, Yang YH, Tang XY et al.. Global Profiling of Protein Lactylation in Human Hippocampi.. Proteomics Clin Appl 19(2):e202400061. 2025 Mar. PMID: 39610256.

[7] Guo X, Ren X, Yan C, Huang H. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Role of Lysine Lactylation in Lenalidomide-Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells.. ACS Chem Biol 20(7):1728-1738. 2025 Jul 18. PMID: 40590393.

[8] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.

[9] Chao L, Xu Y, Yang Y, Ao X, Liang J. Identification of lactylation-related biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responsiveness in triple-negative breast cancer.. World J Surg Oncol 24(1):77. 2026 Jan 22. PMID: 41566505.

[10] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.