Search Results

Overview

Uniprot IDP46013
Protein NameProliferation marker protein Ki-67
Gene NameMKI67
OrganismHomo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position Flanking peptide
1004 SEKGKITKMPCQSLQ
1022 INTPTHTKQQLKASL
1026 THTKQQLKASLGKVG
1031 QLKASLGKVGVKEEL
1043 EELLAVGKFTRTSGE
1063 REPAGDGKSIRTFKE
1069 GKSIRTFKESPKQIL
107 ESLQNGRKSTEFPRK
1130 KTTKIACKSPPPESV
1144 VDTPTSTKQWPKRSL
1153 WPKRSLRKADVEEEF
1165 EEFLALRKLTPSAGK
1197 FMGTPVQKLDLAGTL
1208 AGTLPGSKRQLQTPK
1217 QLQTPKEKAQALEDL
1248 VAAGKTTKIPCDSPQ
1270 TSTKQRPKRSIRKAD
1275 RPKRSIRKADVEGEL
1330 TENLTGSKRRPQTPK
1370 VAAGKTTKMPCESSP
1408 QKELSALKKLTQTSG
1409 KELSALKKLTQTSGE
141 DEKAQDSKAYSKITE
1422 GETTHTDKVPGGEDK
1441 FRETAKQKLDPAASV
145 QDSKAYSKITEGKVS
1452 AASVTGSKRHPKTKE
1460 RHPKTKEKAQPLEDL
1482 QTPVCTDKPTTHEKT
1491 TTHEKTTKIACRSQP
150 YSKITEGKVSGNPQV
1508 VDTPTSSKPQSKRSL
1512 TSSKPQSKRSLRKVD
160 GNPQVHIKNVKEDST
1616 KTAKVACKSSQPDPD
1630 DKNPASSKRRLKTSL
1634 ASSKRRLKTSLGKVG
1639 RLKTSLGKVGVKEEL
1651 EELLAVGKLTQTSGE
1694 AASLTGSKRQLRTPK
1734 MTNEKTTKVSYRASQ
1756 TSSKPQPKRSLRKAD
1855 TTDEKTTKKILCKSP
1856 TDEKTTKKILCKSPQ
1860 TTKKILCKSPQSDPA
1874 ADTPTNTKQRPKRSL
1938 LGNLPGSKRRPQTPK
2000 TSSKQRLKISLGKVG
2005 RLKISLGKVGVKEEV
2017 EEVLPVGKLTQTSGK
2024 KLTQTSGKTTQTHRE
2167 FRETAKQKLDPAASV
2178 AASVTGSKRQPRTPK
2187 QPRTPKGKAQPLEDL
219 VSRYGELKSVPTTQC
2209 QTPICTDKPTTHEKT
2218 TTHEKTTKIACRSPQ
2240 TIFKPQSKRSLRKAD
2245 QSKRSLRKADVEEES
2289 FMGTPVQKLDLPGNL
2300 PGNLPGSKRWPQTPK
2343 KTTKIACKSPQPDPV
2357 VDTPASTKQRPKRNL
2473 SPQPESFKTSRSSKQ
2483 RSSKQRLKIPLVKVD
2500 EEPLAVSKLTRTSGE
263 NVLQYCRKSGLQTDY
2652 VLKQRAKKKPNPVEE
2672 RPRAPKEKAQPLEDL
2703 LTAGKATKIPCESPP
2730 HLRTRVQKVQVKEEP
2826 KTTKIPCKSSPELED
2839 EDTATSSKRRPRTRA
2880 KEPVGEGKGTKAFKQ
2883 VGEGKGTKAFKQPAK
2886 GKGTKAFKQPAKRKL
2892 FKQPAKRKLDAEDVI
295 VSRKSRPKSGGSGHA
2957 PDSGKPLKISRRVLR
2967 RRVLRAPKVEPVGDV
3049 SEPVVIMKRSLRTSA
3168 QNESSQPKVAEESGG
3204 SMCLRSRKTKSQPAA
3206 CLRSRKTKSQPAAST
3217 AASTLESKSVQRVTR
3243 AEDNVCVKKIRTRSH
331 ESVQTPSKAVGASFP
344 FPLYEPAKMKTPVQY
346 LYEPAKMKTPVQYSQ
364 SPQKHKNKDLYTTGR
379 RESVNLGKSEGFKAG
421 KPENLSSKTRGSIPT
458 QVERKIQKDSLSKPE
548 MHTPPVLKKIIKEQP
549 HTPPVLKKIIKEQPQ
552 PVLKKIIKEQPQPSG
600 DQRRRSCKTAPASSS
843 RENGNVAKTPRNTYK
850 KTPRNTYKMTSLETK
886 TEFRNIQKLPVESKS
906 EIVECILKRGQKATL
910 CILKRGQKATLLQQR
957 RSRTWGQKCAPMSDL
977 LPDTELMKDTARGQN
993 LQTQDHAKAPKSEKG

Function

Protein that associates with the surface of mitotic chromosomes and acts both as a chromosome repellent during early mitosis and chromosome attractant during late mitosis (PubMed:27362226, PubMed:32879492, PubMed:35513709, PubMed:39153474). Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed:27362226). During early mitosis, relocalizes from nucleoli to the chromosome surface where it forms extended brush structures that cover a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). The MKI67 brush structure prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226). During mitotic anaphase, the MKI67 brush structure collapses and MKI67 switches from a chromosome repellent to a chromosome attractant to promote chromosome clustering and facilitate the exclusion of large cytoplasmic particles from the future nuclear space (PubMed:32879492, PubMed:39153474). Mechanistically, dephosphorylation during mitotic exit and simultaneous exposure of a conserved basic patch induce the RNA-dependent formation of a liquid-like condensed phase on the chromosome surface, promoting coalescence of neighboring chromosome surfaces and clustering of chromosomes (PubMed:39153474). Binds premature ribosomal RNAs during anaphase; promoting liquid-liquid phase separation (PubMed:28935370, PubMed:39153474). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed:10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization; it is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in mitotic chromosome (PubMed:24867636)

Protein Sequence

10 MWPTRRLVTI 20 KRSGVDGPHF 30 PLSLSTCLFG 40 RGIECDIRIQ 50 LPVVSKQHCK 60 IEIHEQEAIL 70 HNFSSTNPTQ 80 VNGSVIDEPV 90 RLKHGDVITI 100 IDRSFRYENE 110 SLQNGRKSTE 120 FPRKIREQEP 130 ARRVSRSSFS 140 SDPDEKAQDS 150 KAYSKITEGK 160 VSGNPQVHIK 170 NVKEDSTADD 180 SKDSVAQGTT 190 NVHSSEHAGR 200 NGRNAADPIS 210 GDFKEISSVK 220 LVSRYGELKS 230 VPTTQCLDNS 240 KKNESPFWKL 250 YESVKKELDV 260 KSQKENVLQY 270 CRKSGLQTDY 280 ATEKESADGL 290 QGETQLLVSR 300 KSRPKSGGSG 310 HAVAEPASPE 320 QELDQNKGKG 330 RDVESVQTPS 340 KAVGASFPLY 350 EPAKMKTPVQ 360 YSQQQNSPQK 370 HKNKDLYTTG 380 RRESVNLGKS 390 EGFKAGDKTL 400 TPRKLSTRNR 410 TPAKVEDAAD 420 SATKPENLSS 430 KTRGSIPTDV 440 EVLPTETEIH 450 NEPFLTLWLT 460 QVERKIQKDS 470 LSKPEKLGTT 480 AGQMCSGLPG 490 LSSVDINNFG 500 DSINESEGIP 510 LKRRRVSFGG 520 HLRPELFDEN 530 LPPNTPLKRG 540 EAPTKRKSLV 550 MHTPPVLKKI 560 IKEQPQPSGK 570 QESGSEIHVE 580 VKAQSLVISP 590 PAPSPRKTPV 600 ASDQRRRSCK 610 TAPASSSKSQ 620 TEVPKRGGRK 630 SGNLPSKRVS 640 ISRSQHDILQ 650 MICSKRRSGA 660 SEANLIVAKS 670 WADVVKLGAK 680 QTQTKVIKHG 690 PQRSMNKRQR 700 RPATPKKPVG 710 EVHSQFSTGH 720 ANSPCTIIIG 730 KAHTEKVHVP 740 ARPYRVLNNF 750 ISNQKMDFKE 760 DLSGIAEMFK 770 TPVKEQPQLT 780 STCHIAISNS 790 ENLLGKQFQG 800 TDSGEEPLLP 810 TSESFGGNVF 820 FSAQNAAKQP 830 SDKCSASPPL 840 RRQCIRENGN 850 VAKTPRNTYK 860 MTSLETKTSD 870 TETEPSKTVS 880 TANRSGRSTE 890 FRNIQKLPVE 900 SKSEETNTEI 910 VECILKRGQK 920 ATLLQQRREG 930 EMKEIERPFE 940 TYKENIELKE 950 NDEKMKAMKR 960 SRTWGQKCAP 970 MSDLTDLKSL 980 PDTELMKDTA 990 RGQNLLQTQD 1000 HAKAPKSEKG 1010 KITKMPCQSL 1020 QPEPINTPTH 1030 TKQQLKASLG 1040 KVGVKEELLA 1050 VGKFTRTSGE 1060 TTHTHREPAG 1070 DGKSIRTFKE 1080 SPKQILDPAA 1090 RVTGMKKWPR 1100 TPKEEAQSLE 1110 DLAGFKELFQ 1120 TPGPSEESMT 1130 DEKTTKIACK 1140 SPPPESVDTP 1150 TSTKQWPKRS 1160 LRKADVEEEF 1170 LALRKLTPSA 1180 GKAMLTPKPA 1190 GGDEKDIKAF 1200 MGTPVQKLDL 1210 AGTLPGSKRQ 1220 LQTPKEKAQA 1230 LEDLAGFKEL 1240 FQTPGHTEEL 1250 VAAGKTTKIP 1260 CDSPQSDPVD 1270 TPTSTKQRPK 1280 RSIRKADVEG 1290 ELLACRNLMP 1300 SAGKAMHTPK 1310 PSVGEEKDII 1320 IFVGTPVQKL 1330 DLTENLTGSK 1340 RRPQTPKEEA 1350 QALEDLTGFK 1360 ELFQTPGHTE 1370 EAVAAGKTTK 1380 MPCESSPPES 1390 ADTPTSTRRQ 1400 PKTPLEKRDV 1410 QKELSALKKL 1420 TQTSGETTHT 1430 DKVPGGEDKS 1440 INAFRETAKQ 1450 KLDPAASVTG 1460 SKRHPKTKEK 1470 AQPLEDLAGL 1480 KELFQTPVCT 1490 DKPTTHEKTT 1500 KIACRSQPDP 1510 VDTPTSSKPQ 1520 SKRSLRKVDV 1530 EEEFFALRKR 1540 TPSAGKAMHT 1550 PKPAVSGEKN 1560 IYAFMGTPVQ 1570 KLDLTENLTG 1580 SKRRLQTPKE 1590 KAQALEDLAG 1600 FKELFQTRGH 1610 TEESMTNDKT 1620 AKVACKSSQP 1630 DPDKNPASSK 1640 RRLKTSLGKV 1650 GVKEELLAVG 1660 KLTQTSGETT 1670 HTHTEPTGDG 1680 KSMKAFMESP 1690 KQILDSAASL 1700 TGSKRQLRTP 1710 KGKSEVPEDL 1720 AGFIELFQTP 1730 SHTKESMTNE 1740 KTTKVSYRAS 1750 QPDLVDTPTS 1760 SKPQPKRSLR 1770 KADTEEEFLA 1780 FRKQTPSAGK 1790 AMHTPKPAVG 1800 EEKDINTFLG 1810 TPVQKLDQPG 1820 NLPGSNRRLQ 1830 TRKEKAQALE 1840 ELTGFRELFQ 1850 TPCTDNPTTD 1860 EKTTKKILCK 1870 SPQSDPADTP 1880 TNTKQRPKRS 1890 LKKADVEEEF 1900 LAFRKLTPSA 1910 GKAMHTPKAA 1920 VGEEKDINTF 1930 VGTPVEKLDL 1940 LGNLPGSKRR 1950 PQTPKEKAKA 1960 LEDLAGFKEL 1970 FQTPGHTEES 1980 MTDDKITEVS 1990 CKSPQPDPVK 2000 TPTSSKQRLK 2010 ISLGKVGVKE 2020 EVLPVGKLTQ 2030 TSGKTTQTHR 2040 ETAGDGKSIK 2050 AFKESAKQML 2060 DPANYGTGME 2070 RWPRTPKEEA 2080 QSLEDLAGFK 2090 ELFQTPDHTE 2100 ESTTDDKTTK 2110 IACKSPPPES 2120 MDTPTSTRRR 2130 PKTPLGKRDI 2140 VEELSALKQL 2150 TQTTHTDKVP 2160 GDEDKGINVF 2170 RETAKQKLDP 2180 AASVTGSKRQ 2190 PRTPKGKAQP 2200 LEDLAGLKEL 2210 FQTPICTDKP 2220 TTHEKTTKIA 2230 CRSPQPDPVG 2240 TPTIFKPQSK 2250 RSLRKADVEE 2260 ESLALRKRTP 2270 SVGKAMDTPK 2280 PAGGDEKDMK 2290 AFMGTPVQKL 2300 DLPGNLPGSK 2310 RWPQTPKEKA 2320 QALEDLAGFK 2330 ELFQTPGTDK 2340 PTTDEKTTKI 2350 ACKSPQPDPV 2360 DTPASTKQRP 2370 KRNLRKADVE 2380 EEFLALRKRT 2390 PSAGKAMDTP 2400 KPAVSDEKNI 2410 NTFVETPVQK 2420 LDLLGNLPGS 2430 KRQPQTPKEK 2440 AEALEDLVGF 2450 KELFQTPGHT 2460 EESMTDDKIT 2470 EVSCKSPQPE 2480 SFKTSRSSKQ 2490 RLKIPLVKVD 2500 MKEEPLAVSK 2510 LTRTSGETTQ 2520 THTEPTGDSK 2530 SIKAFKESPK 2540 QILDPAASVT 2550 GSRRQLRTRK 2560 EKARALEDLV 2570 DFKELFSAPG 2580 HTEESMTIDK 2590 NTKIPCKSPP 2600 PELTDTATST 2610 KRCPKTRPRK 2620 EVKEELSAVE 2630 RLTQTSGQST 2640 HTHKEPASGD 2650 EGIKVLKQRA 2660 KKKPNPVEEE 2670 PSRRRPRAPK 2680 EKAQPLEDLA 2690 GFTELSETSG 2700 HTQESLTAGK 2710 ATKIPCESPP 2720 LEVVDTTAST 2730 KRHLRTRVQK 2740 VQVKEEPSAV 2750 KFTQTSGETT 2760 DADKEPAGED 2770 KGIKALKESA 2780 KQTPAPAASV 2790 TGSRRRPRAP 2800 RESAQAIEDL 2810 AGFKDPAAGH 2820 TEESMTDDKT 2830 TKIPCKSSPE 2840 LEDTATSSKR 2850 RPRTRAQKVE 2860 VKEELLAVGK 2870 LTQTSGETTH 2880 TDKEPVGEGK 2890 GTKAFKQPAK 2900 RKLDAEDVIG 2910 SRRQPRAPKE 2920 KAQPLEDLAS 2930 FQELSQTPGH 2940 TEELANGAAD 2950 SFTSAPKQTP 2960 DSGKPLKISR 2970 RVLRAPKVEP 2980 VGDVVSTRDP 2990 VKSQSKSNTS 3000 LPPLPFKRGG 3010 GKDGSVTGTK 3020 RLRCMPAPEE 3030 IVEELPASKK 3040 QRVAPRARGK 3050 SSEPVVIMKR 3060 SLRTSAKRIE 3070 PAEELNSNDM 3080 KTNKEEHKLQ 3090 DSVPENKGIS 3100 LRSRRQNKTE 3110 AEQQITEVFV 3120 LAERIEINRN 3130 EKKPMKTSPE 3140 MDIQNPDDGA 3150 RKPIPRDKVT 3160 ENKRCLRSAR 3170 QNESSQPKVA 3180 EESGGQKSAK 3190 VLMQNQKGKG 3200 EAGNSDSMCL 3210 RSRKTKSQPA 3220 ASTLESKSVQ 3230 RVTRSVKRCA 3240 ENPKKAEDNV 3250 CVKKIRTRSH RDSEDI

Gene Ontology

Classification GO ID Description
Cellular Component GO:0005694 chromosome
Cellular Component GO:0000793 condensed chromosome
Cellular Component GO:0016020 membrane
Cellular Component GO:0005730 nucleolus
Cellular Component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
Cellular Component GO:0005634 nucleus
Molecular Function GO:0005524 ATP binding
Molecular Function GO:0003677 DNA binding
Molecular Function GO:0140693 molecular condensate scaffold activity
Molecular Function GO:0003723 RNA binding
Biological Process GO:0008283 cell population proliferation
Biological Process GO:0007059 chromosome segregation
Biological Process GO:0051321 meiotic cell cycle
Biological Process GO:1902275 regulation of chromatin organization
Biological Process GO:0007088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Reference

[1] Yang D, Yin J, Shan L, Yi X, Zhang W et al.. Identification of lysine-lactylated substrates in gastric cancer cells.. iScience 25(7):104630. 2022 Jul 15. PMID: 35800753.

[2] Cheng Z, Huang H, Li M, Chen Y. Proteomic analysis identifies PFKP lactylation in SW480 colon cancer cells.. iScience 27(1):108645. 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38155775.

[3] He C, Zhang J, Bai X, Lu C, Zhang K. Lysine lactylation-based insight to understanding the characterization of cervical cancer.. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870(7):167356. 2024 Oct. PMID: 39025375.

[4] Bao Q, Wan N, He Z, Cao J, Yuan W et al.. Subcellular Proteomic Mapping of Lysine Lactylation.. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 35(12):3221-3232. 2024 Dec 4. PMID: 39569522.

[5] Shi CM, Wang QC, Li XL, Yang YH, Tang XY et al.. Global Profiling of Protein Lactylation in Human Hippocampi.. Proteomics Clin Appl 19(2):e202400061. 2025 Mar. PMID: 39610256.

[6] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.

[7] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.