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Overview

Uniprot ID	P48637
Protein Name	Glutathione synthetase
Gene Name	GSS
Organism	Homo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position	Flanking peptide
186	ILSNNPSKGLALGIA
305	ATQLAGTKKVQQELS
306	TQLAGTKKVQQELSR

Function

Catalyzes the production of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in an ATP-dependent manner (PubMed:7646467, PubMed:9215686). Glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol in living aerobic cells and is required for numerous processes including the protection of cells against oxidative damage, amino acid transport, the detoxification of foreign compounds, the maintenance of protein sulfhydryl groups in a reduced state and acts as a cofactor for a number of enzymes (PubMed:10369661). Participates in ophthalmate biosynthesis in hepatocytes (By similarity)

Protein Sequence

10 MATNWGSLLQ 20 DKQQLEELAR 30 QAVDRALAEG 40 VLLRTSQEPT 50 SSEVVSYAPF 60 TLFPSLVPSA 70 LLEQAYAVQM 80 DFNLLVDAVS 90 QNAAFLEQTL 100 SSTIKQDDFT 110 ARLFDIHKQV 120 LKEGIAQTVF 130 LGLNRSDYMF 140 QRSADGSPAL 150 KQIEINTISA 160 SFGGLASRTP 170 AVHRHVLSVL 180 SKTKEAGKIL 190 SNNPSKGLAL 200 GIAKAWELYG 210 SPNALVLLIA 220 QEKERNIFDQ 230 RAIENELLAR 240 NIHVIRRTFE 250 DISEKGSLDQ 260 DRRLFVDGQE 270 IAVVYFRDGY 280 MPRQYSLQNW 290 EARLLLERSH 300 AAKCPDIATQ 310 LAGTKKVQQE 320 LSRPGMLEML 330 LPGQPEAVAR 340 LRATFAGLYS 350 LDVGEEGDQA 360 IAEALAAPSR 370 FVLKPQREGG 380 GNNLYGEEMV 390 QALKQLKDSE 400 ERASYILMEK 410 IEPEPFENCL 420 LRPGSPARVV 430 QCISELGIFG 440 VYVRQEKTLV 450 MNKHVGHLLR 460 TKAIEHADGG 470 VAAGVAVLDN PYPV

Gene Ontology

Classification	GO ID	Description
Cellular Component	GO:0005829	cytosol
Cellular Component	GO:0070062	extracellular exosome
Cellular Component	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm
Molecular Function	GO:0005524	ATP binding
Molecular Function	GO:0043295	glutathione binding
Molecular Function	GO:0004363	glutathione synthase activity
Molecular Function	GO:0042802	identical protein binding
Molecular Function	GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding
Molecular Function	GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity
Biological Process	GO:0006520	amino acid metabolic process
Biological Process	GO:0007399	nervous system development
Biological Process	GO:0006979	response to oxidative stress

Reference

[1] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.

[2] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.