Search Results

Overview

Uniprot IDP49711
Protein NameTranscriptional repressor CTCF
Gene NameCTCF
OrganismHomo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position Flanking peptide
202 PDYQPPAKKTKKTKK
264 IKKKGVKKTFQCELC
592 GENGGETKKSKRGRK

Function

Chromatin binding factor that binds to DNA sequence specific sites and regulates the 3D structure of chromatin (PubMed:16949368, PubMed:18347100, PubMed:18654629, PubMed:19322193). Binds together strands of DNA, thus forming chromatin loops, and anchors DNA to cellular structures, such as the nuclear lamina (PubMed:18347100, PubMed:18654629, PubMed:19322193). Defines the boundaries between active and heterochromatic DNA via binding to chromatin insulators, thereby preventing interaction between promoter and nearby enhancers and silencers (PubMed:18347100, PubMed:18654629, PubMed:19322193). Participates in the allele-specific gene expression at the imprinted IGF2/H19 gene locus (PubMed:16107875, PubMed:16815976, PubMed:17827499). On the maternal allele, binding within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) mediates maternally inherited higher-order chromatin conformation to restrict enhancer access to IGF2 (By similarity). Mediates interchromosomal association between IGF2/H19 and WSB1/NF1 and may direct distant DNA segments to a common transcription factory (By similarity). Regulates asynchronous replication of IGF2/H19 (By similarity). Plays a critical role in gene silencing over considerable distances in the genome (By similarity). Preferentially interacts with unmethylated DNA, preventing spreading of CpG methylation and maintaining methylation-free zones (PubMed:18413740). Inversely, binding to target sites is prevented by CpG methylation (PubMed:18413740). Plays an important role in chromatin remodeling (PubMed:18413740). Can dimerize when it is bound to different DNA sequences, mediating long-range chromatin looping (PubMed:12191639). Causes local loss of histone acetylation and gain of histone methylation in the beta-globin locus, without affecting transcription (PubMed:12191639). When bound to chromatin, it provides an anchor point for nucleosomes positioning (PubMed:12191639). Seems to be essential for homologous X-chromosome pairing (By similarity). May participate with Tsix in establishing a regulatable epigenetic switch for X chromosome inactivation (PubMed:11743158). May play a role in preventing the propagation of stable methylation at the escape genes from X-inactivation (PubMed:11743158). Involved in sister chromatid cohesion (PubMed:12191639). Associates with both centromeres and chromosomal arms during metaphase and required for cohesin localization to CTCF sites (PubMed:18550811). Plays a role in the recruitment of CENPE to the pericentromeric/centromeric regions of the chromosome during mitosis (PubMed:26321640). Acts as a transcriptional repressor binding to promoters of vertebrate MYC gene and BAG1 gene (PubMed:18413740, PubMed:8649389, PubMed:9591631). Also binds to the PLK and PIM1 promoters (PubMed:12191639). Acts as a transcriptional activator of APP (PubMed:9407128). Regulates APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and controls MHC class II gene expression (PubMed:18347100, PubMed:19322193). Plays an essential role in oocyte and preimplantation embryo development by activating or repressing transcription (By similarity). Seems to act as tumor suppressor (PubMed:12191639)

Protein Sequence

10 MEGDAVEAIV 20 EESETFIKGK 30 ERKTYQRRRE 40 GGQEEDACHL 50 PQNQTDGGEV 60 VQDVNSSVQM 70 VMMEQLDPTL 80 LQMKTEVMEG 90 TVAPEAEAAV 100 DDTQIITLQV 110 VNMEEQPINI 120 GELQLVQVPV 130 PVTVPVATTS 140 VEELQGAYEN 150 EVSKEGLAES 160 EPMICHTLPL 170 PEGFQVVKVG 180 ANGEVETLEQ 190 GELPPQEDPS 200 WQKDPDYQPP 210 AKKTKKTKKS 220 KLRYTEEGKD 230 VDVSVYDFEE 240 EQQEGLLSEV 250 NAEKVVGNMK 260 PPKPTKIKKK 270 GVKKTFQCEL 280 CSYTCPRRSN 290 LDRHMKSHTD 300 ERPHKCHLCG 310 RAFRTVTLLR 320 NHLNTHTGTR 330 PHKCPDCDMA 340 FVTSGELVRH 350 RRYKHTHEKP 360 FKCSMCDYAS 370 VEVSKLKRHI 380 RSHTGERPFQ 390 CSLCSYASRD 400 TYKLKRHMRT 410 HSGEKPYECY 420 ICHARFTQSG 430 TMKMHILQKH 440 TENVAKFHCP 450 HCDTVIARKS 460 DLGVHLRKQH 470 SYIEQGKKCR 480 YCDAVFHERY 490 ALIQHQKSHK 500 NEKRFKCDQC 510 DYACRQERHM 520 IMHKRTHTGE 530 KPYACSHCDK 540 TFRQKQLLDM 550 HFKRYHDPNF 560 VPAAFVCSKC 570 GKTFTRRNTM 580 ARHADNCAGP 590 DGVEGENGGE 600 TKKSKRGRKR 610 KMRSKKEDSS 620 DSENAEPDLD 630 DNEDEEEPAV 640 EIEPEPEPQP 650 VTPAPPPAKK 660 RRGRPPGRTN 670 QPKQNQPTAI 680 IQVEDQNTGA 690 IENIIVEVKK 700 EPDAEPAEGE 710 EEEAQPAATD 720 APNGDLTPEM ILSMMDR

Gene Ontology

Classification GO ID Description
Cellular Component GO:0000775 chromosome, centromeric region
Cellular Component GO:0000793 condensed chromosome
Cellular Component GO:0005730 nucleolus
Cellular Component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
Cellular Component GO:0005634 nucleus
Molecular Function GO:0043035 chromatin insulator sequence binding
Molecular Function GO:0140587 chromatin loop anchoring activity
Molecular Function GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Molecular Function GO:0001227 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
Molecular Function GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Molecular Function GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding
Molecular Function GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding
Molecular Function GO:0001221 transcription coregulator binding
Molecular Function GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
Biological Process GO:0140588 chromatin looping
Biological Process GO:0007059 chromosome segregation
Biological Process GO:0006351 DNA-templated transcription
Biological Process GO:0040029 epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Biological Process GO:0071514 genomic imprinting
Biological Process GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
Biological Process GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Biological Process GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
Biological Process GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Biological Process GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Biological Process GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
Biological Process GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Biological Process GO:0071459 protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region
Biological Process GO:0070602 regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
Biological Process GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Reference

[1] Yang D, Yin J, Shan L, Yi X, Zhang W et al.. Identification of lysine-lactylated substrates in gastric cancer cells.. iScience 25(7):104630. 2022 Jul 15. PMID: 35800753.

[2] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.

[3] Guo X, Ren X, Yan C, Huang H. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Role of Lysine Lactylation in Lenalidomide-Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells.. ACS Chem Biol 20(7):1728-1738. 2025 Jul 18. PMID: 40590393.

[4] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.

[5] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.