Search Results
Overview
| Uniprot ID | P63159 |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | High mobility group protein B1 |
| Gene Name | Hmgb1 |
| Organism | Rattus norvegicus |
Kla Sites from experimental identification
| Position | Flanking peptide |
|---|---|
| 82 | MKTYIPPKGETKKKF |
| 90 | GETKKKFKDPNAPKR |
Function
Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as a sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy. Acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. Released to the extracellular environment can bind DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1 beta, CXCL12, AGER isoform 2/sRAGE, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and activates cells through engagement of multiple surface receptors. In the extracellular compartment fully reduced HMGB1 (released by necrosis) acts as a chemokine, disulfide HMGB1 (actively secreted) as a cytokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 (released from apoptotic cells) promotes immunological tolerance (PubMed:23446148, PubMed:23519706, PubMed:23994764, PubMed:25048472). Has proangiogenic activity. May be involved in platelet activation. Binds to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamide (PubMed:11154118). Bound to RAGE mediates signaling for neuronal outgrowth (PubMed:12183440, PubMed:1885601, PubMed:2461949, PubMed:7592757). May play a role in accumulation of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins
Protein Sequence
10
MGKGDPKKPR
20
GKMSSYAFFV
30
QTCREEHKKK
40
HPDASVNFSE
50
FSKKCSERWK
60
TMSAKEKGKF
70
EDMAKADKAR
80
YEREMKTYIP
90
PKGETKKKFK
100
DPNAPKRPPS
110
AFFLFCSEYR
120
PKIKGEHPGL
130
SIGDVAKKLG
140
EMWNNTAADD
150
KQPYEKKAAK
160
LKEKYEKDIA
170
AYRAKGKPDA
180
AKKGVVKAEK
190
SKKKKEEEDD
200
EEDEEDEEEE
210
EEEEDEDEEE
DDDDE
Gene Ontology
| Classification | GO ID | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Biological Process | GO:0032392 | DNA geometric change |
| Biological Process | GO:0006302 | double-strand break repair |
| Biological Process | GO:0006303 | double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining |
| Biological Process | GO:0035767 | endothelial cell chemotaxis |
| Biological Process | GO:0001935 | endothelial cell proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:0001654 | eye development |
| Biological Process | GO:0031507 | heterochromatin formation |
| Biological Process | GO:0050930 | induction of positive chemotaxis |
| Biological Process | GO:0006954 | inflammatory response |
| Biological Process | GO:0002437 | inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus |
| Biological Process | GO:0030324 | lung development |
| Biological Process | GO:0002281 | macrophage activation involved in immune response |
| Biological Process | GO:0050831 | male-specific defense response to bacterium |
| Biological Process | GO:0007613 | memory |
| Biological Process | GO:0002755 | MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0001773 | myeloid dendritic cell activation |
| Biological Process | GO:0051450 | myoblast proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:2000426 | negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance |
| Biological Process | GO:0043537 | negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration |
| Biological Process | GO:0043371 | negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation |
| Biological Process | GO:0008156 | negative regulation of DNA replication |
| Biological Process | GO:0017055 | negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly |
| Biological Process | GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| Biological Process | GO:0032689 | negative regulation of type II interferon production |
| Biological Process | GO:0007399 | nervous system development |
| Biological Process | GO:0051402 | neuron apoptotic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0031175 | neuron projection development |
| Biological Process | GO:0097350 | neutrophil clearance |
| Biological Process | GO:0006334 | nucleosome assembly |
| Biological Process | GO:0002270 | plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation |
| Biological Process | GO:0042104 | positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:0043065 | positive regulation of apoptotic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0010508 | positive regulation of autophagy |
| Biological Process | GO:0043536 | positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration |
| Biological Process | GO:0030335 | positive regulation of cell migration |
| Biological Process | GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:2000343 | positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0007204 | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
| Biological Process | GO:2001200 | positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation |
| Biological Process | GO:0070374 | positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
| Biological Process | GO:0045819 | positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0045089 | positive regulation of innate immune response |
| Biological Process | GO:0032727 | positive regulation of interferon-alpha production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032728 | positive regulation of interferon-beta production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032731 | positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032732 | positive regulation of interleukin-1 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032733 | positive regulation of interleukin-10 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032735 | positive regulation of interleukin-12 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032755 | positive regulation of interleukin-6 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0032757 | positive regulation of interleukin-8 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0046330 | positive regulation of JNK cascade |
| Biological Process | GO:0071642 | positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production |
| Biological Process | GO:0043410 | positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
| Biological Process | GO:0002053 | positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:0032425 | positive regulation of mismatch repair |
| Biological Process | GO:0045931 | positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
| Biological Process | GO:0071639 | positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production |
| Biological Process | GO:0090026 | positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis |
| Biological Process | GO:0033034 | positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0045639 | positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation |
| Biological Process | GO:0045663 | positive regulation of myoblast differentiation |
| Biological Process | GO:0010976 | positive regulation of neuron projection development |
| Biological Process | GO:1901224 | positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction |
| Biological Process | GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
| Biological Process | GO:0014911 | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration |
| Biological Process | GO:1903672 | positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis |
| Biological Process | GO:0034137 | positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0034145 | positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0034165 | positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0045944 | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| Biological Process | GO:0032760 | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
| Cellular Component | GO:0035868 | alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex |
| Cellular Component | GO:0009986 | cell surface |
| Cellular Component | GO:0000785 | chromatin |
| Cellular Component | GO:0000793 | condensed chromosome |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005769 | early endosome |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005793 | endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005615 | extracellular space |
| Cellular Component | GO:0045121 | membrane raft |
| Cellular Component | GO:0043005 | neuron projection |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005634 | nucleus |
| Cellular Component | GO:0017053 | transcription repressor complex |
| Molecular Function | GO:0008097 | 5S rRNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003681 | bent DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0000405 | bubble DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0019958 | C-X-C chemokine binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0010858 | calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0000402 | crossed form four-way junction DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0005125 | cytokine activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003684 | damaged DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0008301 | DNA binding, bending |
| Molecular Function | GO:0070182 | DNA polymerase binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0140297 | DNA-binding transcription factor binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003690 | double-stranded DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003725 | double-stranded RNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0140656 | endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0000400 | four-way junction DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0051861 | glycolipid binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0008201 | heparin binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0005178 | integrin binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0001530 | lipopolysaccharide binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0016829 | lyase activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0044378 | non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003676 | nucleic acid binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0000401 | open form four-way junction DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0042277 | peptide binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0001786 | phosphatidylserine binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0046982 | protein heterodimerization activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0030295 | protein kinase activator activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0050786 | RAGE receptor binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0048018 | receptor ligand activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0061629 | RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003697 | single-stranded DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003727 | single-stranded RNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0097100 | supercoiled DNA binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0000976 | transcription cis-regulatory region binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003713 | transcription coactivator activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0003714 | transcription corepressor activity |
| Biological Process | GO:0030036 | actin cytoskeleton organization |
| Biological Process | GO:0002218 | activation of innate immune response |
| Biological Process | GO:0043277 | apoptotic cell clearance |
| Biological Process | GO:0006914 | autophagy |
| Biological Process | GO:0006284 | base-excision repair |
| Biological Process | GO:0000902 | cell morphogenesis |
| Biological Process | GO:0071347 | cellular response to interleukin-1 |
| Biological Process | GO:0098761 | cellular response to interleukin-7 |
| Biological Process | GO:0071222 | cellular response to lipopolysaccharide |
| Biological Process | GO:0006935 | chemotaxis |
| Biological Process | GO:0006325 | chromatin organization |
| Biological Process | GO:0006338 | chromatin remodeling |
| Biological Process | GO:0007623 | circadian rhythm |
| Biological Process | GO:1905564 | positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation |
| Biological Process | GO:0090303 | positive regulation of wound healing |
| Biological Process | GO:0065003 | protein-containing complex assembly |
| Biological Process | GO:0036343 | psychomotor behavior |
| Biological Process | GO:2000819 | regulation of nucleotide-excision repair |
| Biological Process | GO:0002840 | regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell |
| Biological Process | GO:0002643 | regulation of tolerance induction |
| Biological Process | GO:0046677 | response to antibiotic |
| Biological Process | GO:0045471 | response to ethanol |
| Biological Process | GO:0051384 | response to glucocorticoid |
| Biological Process | GO:0009749 | response to glucose |
| Biological Process | GO:0032868 | response to insulin |
| Biological Process | GO:0032496 | response to lipopolysaccharide |
| Biological Process | GO:0034341 | response to type II interferon |
| Biological Process | GO:0009410 | response to xenobiotic stimulus |
| Biological Process | GO:0035711 | T-helper 1 cell activation |
| Biological Process | GO:0045063 | T-helper 1 cell differentiation |
| Biological Process | GO:0034134 | toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0034142 | toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway |
| Biological Process | GO:0033151 | V(D)J recombination |
Reference
[1] Chen Y, Sun W, Sun Z, Zhao H, Wu T et al.. Effect of electroacupuncture on hippocampal protein lactylation in a rat model of vascular dementia.. Front Neurol 16:1629474. 2025. PMID: 40963935.