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Overview

Uniprot IDQ00653
Protein NameNuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit
Gene NameNFKB2
OrganismHomo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position Flanking peptide
229 SPGASNLKISRMDKT

Function

NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. In a non-canonical activation pathway, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator. The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. NFKB2 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p100 and generation of p52 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p52 and p100 and preserves their independent function. p52 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. p52 and p100 are respectively the minor and major form; the processing of p100 being relatively poor. Isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, which stimulates the HIV enhancer in synergy with p65. In concert with RELB, regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer

Protein Sequence

10 MESCYNPGLD 20 GIIEYDDFKL 30 NSSIVEPKEP 40 APETADGPYL 50 VIVEQPKQRG 60 FRFRYGCEGP 70 SHGGLPGASS 80 EKGRKTYPTV 90 KICNYEGPAK 100 IEVDLVTHSD 110 PPRAHAHSLV 120 GKQCSELGIC 130 AVSVGPKDMT 140 AQFNNLGVLH 150 VTKKNMMGTM 160 IQKLQRQRLR 170 SRPQGLTEAE 180 QRELEQEAKE 190 LKKVMDLSIV 200 RLRFSAFLRA 210 SDGSFSLPLK 220 PVISQPIHDS 230 KSPGASNLKI 240 SRMDKTAGSV 250 RGGDEVYLLC 260 DKVQKDDIEV 270 RFYEDDENGW 280 QAFGDFSPTD 290 VHKQYAIVFR 300 TPPYHKMKIE 310 RPVTVFLQLK 320 RKRGGDVSDS 330 KQFTYYPLVE 340 DKEEVQRKRR 350 KALPTFSQPF 360 GGGSHMGGGS 370 GGAAGGYGGA 380 GGGGSLGFFP 390 SSLAYSPYQS 400 GAGPMGCYPG 410 GGGGAQMAAT 420 VPSRDSGEEA 430 AEPSAPSRTP 440 QCEPQAPEML 450 QRAREYNARL 460 FGLAQRSARA 470 LLDYGVTADA 480 RALLAGQRHL 490 LTAQDENGDT 500 PLHLAIIHGQ 510 TSVIEQIVYV 520 IHHAQDLGVV 530 NLTNHLHQTP 540 LHLAVITGQT 550 SVVSFLLRVG 560 ADPALLDRHG 570 DSAMHLALRA 580 GAGAPELLRA 590 LLQSGAPAVP 600 QLLHMPDFEG 610 LYPVHLAVRA 620 RSPECLDLLV 630 DSGAEVEATE 640 RQGGRTALHL 650 ATEMEELGLV 660 THLVTKLRAN 670 VNARTFAGNT 680 PLHLAAGLGY 690 PTLTRLLLKA 700 GADIHAENEE 710 PLCPLPSPPT 720 SDSDSDSEGP 730 EKDTRSSFRG 740 HTPLDLTCST 750 KVKTLLLNAA 760 QNTMEPPLTP 770 PSPAGPGLSL 780 GDTALQNLEQ 790 LLDGPEAQGS 800 WAELAERLGL 810 RSLVDTYRQT 820 TSPSGSLLRS 830 YELAGGDLAG 840 LLEALSDMGL 850 EEGVRLLRGP 860 ETRDKLPSTA 870 EVKEDSAYGS 880 QSVEQEAEKL 890 GPPPEPPGGL 900 CHGHPQPQVH

Gene Ontology

Classification GO ID Description
Cellular Component GO:0033257 Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex
Cellular Component GO:0000785 chromatin
Cellular Component GO:0005737 cytoplasm
Cellular Component GO:0005829 cytosol
Cellular Component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
Cellular Component GO:0005634 nucleus
Molecular Function GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
Molecular Function GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Molecular Function GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
Molecular Function GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Molecular Function GO:1990837 sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
Biological Process GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
Biological Process GO:0006351 DNA-templated transcription
Biological Process GO:0038061 non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
Biological Process GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Biological Process GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Biological Process GO:0034097 response to cytokine
Biological Process GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
Biological Process GO:0048511 rhythmic process

Reference

[1] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.