Search Results

Overview

Uniprot ID	Q676U5
Protein Name	Autophagy-related protein 16-1
Gene Name	ATG16L1
Organism	Homo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position	Flanking peptide
222	RRQARLQKELAEAAK

Function

Plays an essential role in both canonical and non-canonical autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the lipidation to ATG8 family proteins (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3C, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP) (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576, PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222, PubMed:33909989). Acts as a molecular hub, coordinating autophagy pathways via distinct domains that support either canonical or non-canonical signaling (PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222). During canonical autophagy, interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to ATG8 proteins, to produce a membrane-bound activated form of ATG8 (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). As part of the ATG8 conjugation system with ATG5 and ATG12, required for recruitment of LRRK2 to stressed lysosomes and induction of LRRK2 kinase activity in response to lysosomal stress (By similarity). Also involved in non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 proteins to single membranes at endolysosomal compartments, probably by catalyzing conjugation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to ATG8 (PubMed:33909989). Non-canonical autophagy plays a key role in epithelial cells to limit lethal infection by influenza A (IAV) virus (By similarity). Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production (PubMed:22749352, PubMed:25645662). Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response (PubMed:24238340). Instead, promotes an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway together with NOD1 or NOD2 (PubMed:20637199). Plays a role in regulating morphology and function of Paneth cell (PubMed:18849966)

Protein Sequence

10 MSSGLRAADF 20 PRWKRHISEQ 30 LRRRDRLQRQ 40 AFEEIILQYN 50 KLLEKSDLHS 60 VLAQKLQAEK 70 HDVPNRHEIS 80 PGHDGTWNDN 90 QLQEMAQLRI 100 KHQEELTELH 110 KKRGELAQLV 120 IDLNNQMQRK 130 DREMQMNEAK 140 IAECLQTISD 150 LETECLDLRT 160 KLCDLERANQ 170 TLKDEYDALQ 180 ITFTALEGKL 190 RKTTEENQEL 200 VTRWMAEKAQ 210 EANRLNAENE 220 KDSRRRQARL 230 QKELAEAAKE 240 PLPVEQDDDI 250 EVIVDETSDH 260 TEETSPVRAI 270 SRAATKRLSQ 280 PAGGLLDSIT 290 NIFGRRSVSS 300 FPVPQDNVDT 310 HPGSGKEVRV 320 PATALCVFDA 330 HDGEVNAVQF 340 SPGSRLLATG 350 GMDRRVKLWE 360 VFGEKCEFKG 370 SLSGSNAGIT 380 SIEFDSAGSY 390 LLAASNDFAS 400 RIWTVDDYRL 410 RHTLTGHSGK 420 VLSAKFLLDN 430 ARIVSGSHDR 440 TLKLWDLRSK 450 VCIKTVFAGS 460 SCNDIVCTEQ 470 CVMSGHFDKK 480 IRFWDIRSES 490 IVREMELLGK 500 ITALDLNPER 510 TELLSCSRDD 520 LLKVIDLRTN 530 AIKQTFSAPG 540 FKCGSDWTRV 550 VFSPDGSYVA 560 AGSAEGSLYI 570 WSVLTGKVEK 580 VLSKQHSSSI 590 NAVAWSPSGS 600 HVVSVDKGCK AVLWAQY

Gene Ontology

Classification	GO ID	Description
Cellular Component	GO:0034274	Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex
Cellular Component	GO:0005776	autophagosome
Cellular Component	GO:0000421	autophagosome membrane
Cellular Component	GO:0030424	axon
Cellular Component	GO:0005930	axoneme
Cellular Component	GO:0005829	cytosol
Cellular Component	GO:0036020	endolysosome membrane
Cellular Component	GO:0098978	glutamatergic synapse
Cellular Component	GO:0034045	phagophore assembly site membrane
Cellular Component	GO:0097225	sperm midpiece
Cellular Component	GO:0120095	vacuole-isolation membrane contact site
Molecular Function	GO:0051020	GTPase binding
Molecular Function	GO:0042802	identical protein binding
Molecular Function	GO:0043495	protein-membrane adaptor activity
Molecular Function	GO:0019787	ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity
Biological Process	GO:0000045	autophagosome assembly
Biological Process	GO:0098930	axonal transport
Biological Process	GO:0006501	C-terminal protein lipidation
Biological Process	GO:0051607	defense response to virus
Biological Process	GO:0016236	macroautophagy
Biological Process	GO:0016237	microautophagy
Biological Process	GO:0010508	positive regulation of autophagy
Biological Process	GO:0034497	protein localization to phagophore assembly site
Biological Process	GO:0015031	protein transport

Reference

[1] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.

[2] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.