Search Results
Overview
| Uniprot ID | Q9NT62 |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 |
| Gene Name | ATG3 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
Kla Sites from experimental identification
| Position | Flanking peptide |
|---|---|
| 11 | VINTVKGKALEVAEY |
| 183 | RKIVEACKAKTDAGG |
| 185 | IVEACKAKTDAGGED |
Function
E2 conjugating enzyme that catalyzes the covalent conjugation of the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-containing lipids in the membrane resulting in membrane-bound ATG8-like proteins which is one of the key steps in the development of autophagic isolation membranes during autophagosome formation (PubMed:24191030, PubMed:33446636, PubMed:37252361). Cycles back and forth between binding to ATG7 for loading with the ATG8-like proteins and binding to E3 enzyme, composed of ATG12, ATG5 and ATG16L1 to promote ATG8-like proteins lipidation (PubMed:11825910, PubMed:12207896, PubMed:12890687, PubMed:16704426, PubMed:24186333). Also plays a role as a membrane curvature sensor that facilitates LC3/GABARAP lipidation by sensing local membrane stress associated with lipid-packing defects as occurs with high molar proportions of conical lipids or strident membrane curvature (By similarity). Interacts with negatively-charged membranes promoting membrane tethering and enhancing LC3/GABARAP lipidation (PubMed:29142222). Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme by catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself in an ATG7-dependent manner, this complex thus formed, plays a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy (By similarity). ATG12-ATG3 conjugation promotes late endosome to lysosome trafficking and basal autophagosome maturation via its interaction with PDCD6IP (By similarity). ATG12-ATG3 conjugate is also formed upon viccina virus infection, leading to the disruption the cellular autophagy which is not necessary for vaccinia survival and proliferation (By similarity). Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellites via the autophagic pathway (By similarity)
Protein Sequence
Gene Ontology
| Classification | GO ID | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Function | GO:0019899 | enzyme binding |
| Molecular Function | GO:0019787 | ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity |
| Cellular Component | GO:0034274 | Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005737 | cytoplasm |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005829 | cytosol |
| Cellular Component | GO:0000407 | phagophore assembly site |
| Cellular Component | GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| Molecular Function | GO:0019777 | Atg12 transferase activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0141046 | Atg8-family conjugating enzyme activity |
| Molecular Function | GO:0019776 | Atg8-family ligase activity |
| Biological Process | GO:0000045 | autophagosome assembly |
| Biological Process | GO:0000422 | autophagy of mitochondrion |
| Biological Process | GO:0061723 | glycophagy |
| Biological Process | GO:0043653 | mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process |
| Biological Process | GO:0044804 | nucleophagy |
| Biological Process | GO:0006612 | protein targeting to membrane |
| Biological Process | GO:0015031 | protein transport |
| Biological Process | GO:0016567 | protein ubiquitination |
| Biological Process | GO:1902017 | regulation of cilium assembly |
Reference
[1] Yang Z, Yan C, Ma J, Peng P, Ren X et al.. Lactylome analysis suggests lactylation-dependent mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma.. Nat Metab 5(1):61-79. 2023 Jan. PMID: 36593272.
[2] Guo X, Ren X, Yan C, Huang H. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Role of Lysine Lactylation in Lenalidomide-Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells.. ACS Chem Biol 20(7):1728-1738. 2025 Jul 18. PMID: 40590393.
[3] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.