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Overview

Uniprot ID	Q9UJV9
Protein Name	Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41
Gene Name	DDX41
Organism	Homo sapiens

Kla Sites from experimental identification

Position	Flanking peptide
49	RRQLLLQKLLQRRRK

Function

Multifunctional protein that participates in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. Plays pivotal roles in innate immune sensing and hematopoietic homeostasis (PubMed:34473945). Recognizes foreign or self-nucleic acids generated during microbial infection, thereby initiating anti-pathogen responses (PubMed:23222971). Mechanistically, phosphorylation by BTK allows binding to dsDNA leading to interaction with STING1 (PubMed:25704810). Modulates the homeostasis of dsDNA through its ATP-dependent DNA-unwinding activity and ATP-independent strand-annealing activity (PubMed:35613581). In turn, induces STING1-mediated type I interferon and cytokine responses to DNA and DNA viruses (PubMed:35613581). Selectively modulates the transcription of certain immunity-associated genes by regulating their alternative splicing (PubMed:33650667). Binds to RNA (R)-loops, structures consisting of DNA/RNA hybrids and a displaced strand of DNA that occur during transcription, and prevents their accumulation, thereby maintaining genome stability (PubMed:36229594). Also participates in pre-mRNA splicing, translational regulation and snoRNA processing, which is essential for ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:36229594, PubMed:36780110)

Protein Sequence

10 MEESEPERKR 20 ARTDEVPAGG 30 SRSEAEDEDD 40 EDYVPYVPLR 50 QRRQLLLQKL 60 LQRRRKGAAE 70 EEQQDSGSEP 80 RGDEDDIPLG 90 PQSNVSLLDQ 100 HQHLKEKAEA 110 RKESAKEKQL 120 KEEEKILESV 130 AEGRALMSVK 140 EMAKGITYDD 150 PIKTSWTPPR 160 YVLSMSEERH 170 ERVRKKYHIL 180 VEGDGIPPPI 190 KSFKEMKFPA 200 AILRGLKKKG 210 IHHPTPIQIQ 220 GIPTILSGRD 230 MIGIAFTGSG 240 KTLVFTLPVI 250 MFCLEQEKRL 260 PFSKREGPYG 270 LIICPSRELA 280 RQTHGILEYY 290 CRLLQEDSSP 300 LLRCALCIGG 310 MSVKEQMETI 320 RHGVHMMVAT 330 PGRLMDLLQK 340 KMVSLDICRY 350 LALDEADRMI 360 DMGFEGDIRT 370 IFSYFKGQRQ 380 TLLFSATMPK 390 KIQNFAKSAL 400 VKPVTINVGR 410 AGAASLDVIQ 420 EVEYVKEEAK 430 MVYLLECLQK 440 TPPPVLIFAE 450 KKADVDAIHE 460 YLLLKGVEAV 470 AIHGGKDQEE 480 RTKAIEAFRE 490 GKKDVLVATD 500 VASKGLDFPA 510 IQHVINYDMP 520 EEIENYVHRI 530 GRTGRSGNTG 540 IATTFINKAC 550 DESVLMDLKA 560 LLLEAKQKVP 570 PVLQVLHCGD 580 ESMLDIGGER 590 GCAFCGGLGH 600 RITDCPKLEA 610 MQTKQVSNIG 620 RKDYLAHSSM DF

Gene Ontology

Classification	GO ID	Description
Cellular Component	GO:0071013	catalytic step 2 spliceosome
Cellular Component	GO:0005829	cytosol
Cellular Component	GO:0005783	endoplasmic reticulum
Cellular Component	GO:0016020	membrane
Cellular Component	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm
Cellular Component	GO:0005634	nucleus
Molecular Function	GO:0005524	ATP binding
Molecular Function	GO:0016887	ATP hydrolysis activity
Molecular Function	GO:0003677	DNA binding
Molecular Function	GO:0003729	mRNA binding
Molecular Function	GO:0003723	RNA binding
Molecular Function	GO:0003724	RNA helicase activity
Molecular Function	GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
Biological Process	GO:0006915	apoptotic process
Biological Process	GO:0030154	cell differentiation
Biological Process	GO:0008283	cell population proliferation
Biological Process	GO:0140896	cGAS/STING signaling pathway
Biological Process	GO:0000398	mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Reference

[1] Yang YH, Wang QC, Kong J, Yang JT, Liu JF. Global profiling of lysine lactylation in human lungs.. Proteomics 23(15):e2200437. 2023 Aug. PMID: 37170646.

[2] Bao Q, Wan N, He Z, Cao J, Yuan W et al.. Subcellular Proteomic Mapping of Lysine Lactylation.. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 35(12):3221-3232. 2024 Dec 4. PMID: 39569522.

[3] He J, Lai T, Zhou Z, Yang H, Lei Z et al.. Multiomics profiling reveals the involvement of protein lactylation in nonhomologous end joining pathway conferring radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma cell.. Sci Rep 15(1):24651. 2025 Jul 9. PMID: 40634431.

[4] Wu Q, Li Z, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhou X et al.. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces lysine lactylation reprogramming in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 16:1706727. 2026. PMID: 41696360.